The-spammer 2009-11-13 23:37:53

Sperm washing is a term used to describe the process in which individual sperm are separated from the seminal fluid by spinning it in a centrifuge. The Sperm are then used in intrauterine insemination or in vitro fertilization.

Sperm washing is a standard procedure used in infertility treatment, however, starting in the mid-1990s it was adopted to help HIV discordant couples conceive without passing the virus from the father to the mother or child . The idea is that when the male is HIV positive it will reduce the risk of transmission to the female.

The HIV infection is carried by the seminal fluid rather than the sperm. For years there were lingering doubts about the safety of the procedure, and many couples had to travel to locales that would do the prodecure, such as Italy. Today, hundreds of babies have been born through this process.

Sperm washing was first used in Milan, Italy and has so far resulted in no female becoming HIV positive. The oldest child conceived using this method is now about 11 and is HIV negative. The first known American baby, Baby Ryan was born in 1999 through the Special Program of Assisted Reproduction started by Dr. Ann Kiessling.

The-spammer 2009-11-14 01:05:56

Traumatic insemination, also known as hypodermic insemination, is the mating practice in some species of invertebrates in which the male pierces the female's abdomen with his penis and injects his sperm through the wound into her abdominal cavity (hemocoel). The sperm diffuse through the female's hemolymph, reaching the ovaries and resulting in fertilization. The process is detrimental to the female's health. It creates an open wound which impairs the female until it heals, and is susceptible to infection. The injection of sperm and ejaculatory fluids into the hemocoel can also trigger an immune reaction in the female. Bedbugs, which reproduce solely by traumatic insemination, have evolved a pair of sperm-receptacles, known as the spermalege. The spermalege reduce the damage to the female bedbug during traumatic insemination.

The evolutionary origins of traumatic insemination are disputed. Although it evolved independently in many invertebrate species, traumatic insemination is most highly adapted and thoroughly studied in bedbugs, particularly Cimex lectularius. Traumatic insemination is not limited to male-female couplings, or even couplings of the same species. Both homosexual and inter-species traumatic inseminations have been observed. Traumatic insemination has been likened to human sadomasochism, stabbing, and rape behaviors. However, such coercive sex practices are common in nature and provide sperm competition, enable bypassing the mating plug, and overcome female resistance to being mated.

Hulalaoo 2009-11-23 20:59:24

i dislike you white line in the avatar

RainbowRiderAlpha 2009-11-27 19:28:51

I HAVE SOME QUESTIONS:

what brush size do you use

what % zoom do you animate at

what smoothing do you use